If larvae pupate or make cocoons on stems, in the foliage or in leaf litter, the pupae or cocoons can easily be collected and transferred to emergence cages. If they pupate in the soil at the base of plants, they can be reared on potted plants. After pupation of the larvae the plant pots can be retained in emergence cages. Trays of litter, sand or peat can be placed on the floor of a cage to provide additional pupation sites.

A pupa that has made its cocoon in a stem gall
(Photo courtesy of Queensland Government,
Department of Natural Resources and Mines).

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